The energy balance between two points in a piping system is governed by Bernoulli's Principle, expanded to include real-world friction losses (
Obtain flow rate, fluid density, viscosity, operating temperature, and pressure from the Process Flow Diagram (PFD).
0.1% to 1% of the upstream absolute pressure per 100 meters. Step-by-Step Pipe Sizing Procedure
The exclusive guide moves away from guesswork. It provides step-by-step worksheets for: The energy balance between two points in a
: Wall thickness coefficient (typically 0.4 for ductile metals below 900°F). Final Thickness (
Module 3 details two primary equations for calculating frictional head loss:
), and mill manufacturing tolerances (typically 12.5% for seamless pipe): It provides step-by-step worksheets for: : Wall thickness
1f=-2log10(ϵ3.7D+2.51Ref)the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator the square root of f end-root end-fraction equals negative 2 log base 10 of open paren the fraction with numerator epsilon and denominator 3.7 cap D end-fraction plus the fraction with numerator 2.51 and denominator Re the square root of f end-root end-fraction close paren Minor Losses: Valves and Fittings
Disclaimer: Always refer to the latest ASME B31.3 code for legal compliance. This article is for educational purposes regarding exclusive engineering resources.
Based on the law of conservation of mass, the mass flow rate entering a system must equal the mass flow rate leaving the system. For steady-state flow, this is expressed as: Based on the law of conservation of mass,
Used for corrosive media or cryogenic temperatures.
In liquid systems, if local static pressure drops below the fluid's vapor pressure ( Pvcap P sub v
t=PD2(SEW+PY)t equals the fraction with numerator cap P cap D and denominator 2 open paren cap S cap E cap W plus cap P cap Y close paren end-fraction = Internal design gage pressure = Outside diameter of the pipe
) for straight pipe under internal pressure is calculated using the following formula: